What parents may notice:

• rapid physical growth, puberty
• self-conscious, anxiety, clumsy and uncoordinated movements, stronger need for privacy
• test limits, authority, and rules
• a desire to develop autonomy or distance from parents or caregivers
• an ability to detect inconsistencies, think about future changes, see possibilities, think of logical rebuttals (or "comebacks")
• confusion, caught between dependence and independence
• establish a sense of self (friends, clothing, music) yet may be carried out through a desire to be part of "the group"

Vernon, A. (2004). Counseling Children & Adolescents. Colorado: Love Publishing Company.

How parents can support children through these stages:

• assist students in developing personal awareness and explore career and personal goals
• help develop communication, listening, and interpersonal skills needed to relate well to others
• set a specific study plan to include a study time and place, and check assignments on a regular basis
• maintain contact with teachers and staff regarding your child's progress
• be willing to make adjustments, adolescent children often display a range of moods and emotions
• establish boundaries, yet allow them to make some decisions with your supervision
• monitor telephone, video game, and television usage
• know your child's friends and parents
• speak with school counselors, administrators, and other support staff who can support you and your child during difficult times